Respiratory training for a person with C3-C4 tetraplegia
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Photosynthesis of C3, C3–C4, and C4 grasses at glacial CO2
Most physiology comparisons of C3 and C4 plants are made under current or elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 which do not reflect the low CO2 environment under which C4 photosynthesis has evolved. Accordingly, photosynthetic nitrogen (PNUE) and water (PWUE) use efficiency, and the activity of the photosynthetic carboxylases [Rubisco and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)] and decarb...
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous authors have described the locations of provoked responses to cervical diskography from C3-C4 to C6-C7, but we have found no description of the findings at C2-C3. This study was undertaken to analyze the sensations provoked during cervical diskography at C2-C3 and to compare the results with those provoked at C3-C4 and C4-C5. METHODS The locations of diskograph...
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Neuromuscular stimulation of the abdominal wall muscles can provide respiratory support in tetraplegia, where the main expiratory muscles are affected by paralysis. Stimulation may be applied by simple surface stimulation, resulting in a uniform muscle contraction which can help to improve expiratory function for coughing and breathing. In this review, an overview of methods and approaches avai...
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The presence and activity of the C4 cycle in C3-C4 intermediate species have proven difficult to analyze, especially when such activity is low. This study proposes a strategy to detect C4 activity and estimate its contribution to overall photosynthesis in intermediate plants, by using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) coupled to gas exchange systems to simultaneously measure t...
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Four species of the genus Flaveria, namely F. anomala, F. liaris, F. pubescens, and F. ramosissima, were identified as intermediate C3-C4 plants based on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic CO2 compensation point, 02 inhibition of photosynthesis, and activities of C4 enzymes. F. anomala and F. rawosissina exhibit a distinct Kranz-like leaf anatomy, similar to that of the C4 species F. trinervia while ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Australian Journal of Physiotherapy
سال: 1999
ISSN: 0004-9514
DOI: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60359-7